世界遺産と渓谷美を眺める――平泉と一関

[From January Issue 2012]

Located in the southwestern part of Iwate Prefecture, Hiraizumi-cho thrived as the second largest city after Heian-kyou (Kyoto) in the late Heian period (12th century). A group of five historical assets located in Hiraizumi, including Chuson-ji Temple, were designated as World Heritage sites in June 2011, making Iwate the first to have such assets in the northern part of Japan (Touhoku and Hokkaido). Each of these sites represents the image of the Joudo (Pure Land) school of Buddhist thought on earth and many people visit in order to experience the splendor of Joudo and the beauty of nature in Hiraizumi-cho.

Joudo is a branch of Buddhism also known in Japan as Bukkoku-do (the land of Buddhism). Followers believe that one can reach the pure Buddhist land after death and rest in peace, and that one can attain enlightenment in this world as well.

The Hiraizumi Cultural Heritage Center is a facility designed to briefly explain the cultural heritage of Hiraizumi in a way that even beginners can easily understand. In addition to exhibiting numerous archaeological finds unearthed during excavations, the facility also serves as the town’s tourist information center. With audio guides available in English, Korean and Chinese, this is a good starting point for your trip around Hiraizumi.

Without further ado, let’s head right to Chuson-ji Temple, a World Heritage Site. Chuson-ji Temple retains a number of important national cultural assets, many of which are national treasures. Sankou-zou, the temple’s museum, could be described as a treasure house of art works from the Heian period. It contains many noteworthy things, including the “Santai no Jourokubutsu” – the three statues of the Buddha which the temple is dedicated to – and the Chuson-ji Sutra, which is written in gold on dark blue paper.

Konjiki-dou (the Golden Hall) stands close to Sankou-zou. Built about 900 years ago, this gorgeous hall dedicated to Amida Buddha is entirely covered with thin layers of gold both inside and out. A mother-of-pearl inlay (a pattern created by cutting gleaming shells called yakou-gai) decorates the four pillars and the altar inside the hall. Ornamental metal fretwork, and makie – a traditional Japanese technique for making a pattern by sprinkling gold or mother-of-pearl inlay on a surface using lacquer as glue – all contribute to the artistic beauty of the entire hall.

After admiring these cultural art works from the Heian period, you can drop by Motsu-ji Temple, a World Heritage Site which depicts the Pure Land in the form of a garden. It goes without saying that the highlight of a visit to this temple is its Pure Land Garden. Reflecting the changes in season and the colors of the setting sun in its mirror-like surface, Oizumi-ga Pond is incredibly beautiful. The garden has been nationally recognized as a spot of historic interest and incredible beauty.

Motsu-ji Temple also holds festivals, including the “Haru no Fujiwara Matsuri” (Spring Fujiwara Festival), where nearly 100 participants parade from Motsu-ji Temple to Chuson-ji Temple to recreate scenes from a Heian period emaki (picture scroll). There’s also the Gokusui no Utage ceremony, where poets clad in Heian period imperial costumes write waka poetry and the Ayame Matsuri (Iris Festival), a festival that allows visitors to fully enjoy the beauty of the temple, featuring 30,000 bunches of irises blooming around Oizumi-ga Pond.

If you go west from Motsu-ji Temple for about ten minutes by car, a dynamic Buddhist statue, which has been carved into a huge rock wall, comes into view. Takkoku no Iwaya is a nationally designated historic site and is the northernmost spot in Japan where you can find a Buddhist statue carved into a rock face. The statue is said to have been built by SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro, a Seii-Taishogun (a shogun responsible for conquering barbarian areas), to celebrate a military victory. Standing in front of the statue is Bishamon-do Hall, which is believed to have been built to enshrine more than 100 Bishamonten gods and to serve as a refuge in which people could pray for the end of the upheavals.

Another five minutes’ drive westward from Takkoku no Iwaya will take you to Genbikei Gorge, a nationally designated site of scenic beauty and a national monument. It is a beautiful gorge of unusual and strangely-shaped rocks, that stretches for two kilometers. Delivered as if they were flying over the gorge are “kakkou dango” (dumplings), a specialty of Genbikei Gorge. For obvious reasons, these are also known as “flying dumplings.” Available in three flavors, the dumplings are delivered on wire ropes from a dumpling shop on the opposite bank.

Crossing a bridge over Genbikei Gorge and walking for two minutes, you come to Sahara Glass Park, a glass art shop that displays and sells over 100,000 glass products from around the world. There you can buy souvenirs or take a break at the restaurant and café inside the shop. Also, at a craft workshop in the building, you can experience glass blowing or making tombo-dama (a glass ball with a hole).

A 40-minute drive to east from Genbikei Gorge is Geibikei Gorge, where is one of Japan’s 100 scenic places. A nationally designated site of scenic beauty and a national monument, the gorge comprises of two kilometers of cliffs about 100 meters high. A popular activity there is taking a boat ride down the river while listening to the boatman’s traditional songs and tales. Here, you can gaze at the abundance of nature: the greenery covering the mountains, wisteria blossoms, golden-rayed lilies, and ayu (sweetfish) that can be glimpsed from the surface of the water.

If you ride down the river through Geibikei Gorge when the snows come in winter, you’ll find kotatsu (a table with a heater underneath) aboard your yakatabune pleasure boat. Those who make a reservation can choose to enjoy a pot of kinagashi-nabe (a dish in which vegetables, chicken and pork are cooked in a miso-based soup), while keeping warm under the kotatsu. This dish has been long been popular in this region for its warming properties. The kotatsu boat operates from December 1 through to the end of February.

Road Station Genbikei is the place to enjoy the gourmet food of Hiraizumi. There is a restaurant here that specializes in rice cakes, a specialty of the southern part of Iwate Prefecture, and you can enjoy such dishes as mochi-zen, a tray of rice cakes with eight different toppings including sweet bean paste, sesame, ginger and shrimp, or zaru-soba set, a set meal of cold soba noodles and rice cakes. There is also a corner at which you’ll find an arrangement of fresh fruit and vegetables direct from farms, giving you an opportunity to enjoy the area’s food culture.

There are tour guides who speak English, Chinese, Korean and German in Hiraizumi-cho, allowing non-Japanese to freely enjoy the town’s World Heritage sites. It takes two hours and ten minutes from Tokyo Station to Ichinoseki Station on the Tohoku Shinkansen. From there, transfer to the JR Tohoku Line; it takes another eight minutes to get to Hiraizumi Station. There is a sightseeing bus called “Lun Lun” from Hiraizumi Station; a one-day pass costs 400 yen for adults.

Hiraizumi Tourist Association
Iwate Hiraizumi Interpreters & Guides Association
Sahara Glass Park
Ichinoseki Sightseeing Guide
Geibi Sightseeing Group

Text: KONNO Kazumi

[2012年1月号掲載記事]

平泉町は岩手県の南西部に位置し、平安時代末期(12世紀)は平安京(京都)に次ぐ大都市として栄えました。中尊寺をはじめとする5つの構成資産が、2011年6月、北海道・東北エリアでは初の世界文化遺産として登録されました。そのいずれもが浄土思想を表したものであり、極楽浄土の豪華さや、平泉町の自然の美しさをひと目見ようと、多くの人が訪れています。

浄土思想とは仏教の教えの一つで、浄土は別名、仏国土ともいいます。死んだ後に清い世界である仏の世界に行き、成仏できるようにしようという考え方ですが、現世においても、悟りの世界である浄土を実現させることができるとする考え方でもありました。

「平泉文化遺産センター」は、平泉の文化遺産の概要を初心者にもわかりやすく紹介するガイダンス施設です。発掘調査で出土した考古資料も多く展示する他、町内観光のビジターセンターとしての役割も果たしています。英語・韓国語・中国語にも対応した音声ガイドもあるので、まずはここを平泉を巡る旅のスタートにするとよいでしょう。

早速、世界遺産「中尊寺」へと足を向けてみます。中尊寺には国指定重要文化財が多く残っており、中には国宝とされるものも数多く存在しています。「讃衡蔵」は中尊寺の資料館で、平安美術の宝庫といえます。中尊寺のご本尊「三体の丈六仏」や、紺色の紙に金色の文字で書かれた「中尊寺経」など、見どころがいっぱいです。

讃衡蔵の隣が「金色堂」。今から約900年前に建てられており、阿弥陀のあるお堂の内外には金箔が貼られています。また、堂内の4本の柱や須弥壇(仏壇)などに施された、螺鈿細工(白く光る夜光貝を切って模様とした)、透かし彫りの金具、漆の蒔絵(漆を接着剤にして金や螺鈿をまきつけて模様とする日本独自の工芸技術)と、お堂全体が芸術的な美しさです。

平安美術の文化財を眺めたら、次は極楽浄土を庭園として表した世界遺産「毛越寺」に立ち寄ります。こちらの見どころは、なんといっても浄土庭園。大泉が池には、四季それぞれの自然や、夕日の色が鏡のようにうつり込み、幻想的な美しさを見せてくれます。その美しさと文化価値は「特別史跡」「特別名勝」と、国から二重に指定されているほどです。

また毛越寺では、100名近い参加者が毛越寺から中尊寺へとねり歩き平安絵巻を再現する「春の藤原まつり」や、平安時代の貴族衣装を身に着けた歌人が和歌を詠む「曲水の宴」など、祭りも盛ん。また、大泉が池周辺に3万株ものあやめが咲く「あやめまつり」も、毛越寺の美しさを楽しめる祭りの一つです。

毛越寺から、車を西に10分ほど走らせると、大きな岩の壁に彫られたダイナミックな仏像が現れます。国指定史跡「達谷窟」は壁に彫られた仏像では、日本では最北端。征夷大将軍(開拓するために派遣された将軍)・坂上田村麻呂が戦いに勝ったことを祝って建てたとされています。また、手前に建つ「毘沙門堂」は、かつて100体を超える毘沙門天をまつり、国を鎮めるための祈願所としてつくられたとのことです。

達谷窟から、さらに西へ車を5分ほど走らせると国指定名勝・天然記念物の「厳美渓」です。奇岩、怪岩が2キロに渡って続く美しい渓谷です。この渓谷を飛ぶようにして運ばれてくるのが、空飛ぶ団子と呼ばれる厳美渓名物「郭公だんご」。対岸にある団子屋からワイヤーロープを伝って運ばれ、3つの味が楽しめます。

厳美渓にかかる橋を渡って徒歩2分の「サハラガラスパーク」は、世界のガラス製品を10万点以上、展示・販売しているガラスアートショップです。お土産を買ったり、パーク内のレストランやカフェで休むこともできます。また、パーク内の工房では、宙吹きガラスやトンボ玉(穴の空いたガラス玉)作りなど、ガラス工芸体験もできます。

厳美渓から東へ車を走らせること40分、日本百景の一つ「猊鼻渓」にたどり着きます。国の史跡名勝天然記念物の一つでもあり、高さ100メートルほどの絶壁が長さ2キロに渡って続きます。猊鼻渓では、昔ながらの船頭の歌や語りを聞きながらの舟下りが人気です。山々の緑、藤やヤマユリなどの花々、水面に姿を見せるというアユなど、豊かな自然を眺めることができます。

猊鼻渓の舟下りは、雪の舞う冬になると、こたつ(足をあたためるテーブル)をのせた屋形船になります。予約が必要ですが、こたつで暖まりながら「木流し鍋(味噌仕立てのスープに野菜や鶏肉、豚肉を入れて煮込んだもの)」を楽しむコースもあります。この地方で昔から体を温めるために食べられていたものです。こたつをのせた舟は12月1日から2月末まで運行しています。

平泉のグルメを楽しむなら「道の駅・厳美渓」へ。ここには、岩手県南部の郷土料理であるもちを専門としたレストランがあり、あんこ、ゴマ、ショウガ、エビなど、8種の味が楽しめる「もち膳」や、そばともちがセットになった「ざるそばセット」などが味わえます。もぎたての果物や野菜が並んでいるところもあり、この地域の食文化を楽しめます。

世界遺産登録された街を、気軽に楽しんでもらえるようにと、英語・中国語・韓国語・ドイツ語に対応する、観光ガイドもいる平泉町。東京から一ノ関駅まで、東北新幹線で2時間10分。そこからJR東北本線に乗り換え、平泉駅までは8分。平泉駅からは観光巡回バス「るんるん」が出ており、1日フリーパスは大人400円です。

平泉観光協会
ひらいずみ通訳・ガイドの会
サハラガラスパーク
いちのせき観光ガイド
げいび観光センター

文:今野和美

2 Comments

  1. Did you know that Hiraizumi and Ichinoseki have a free volunteer guiding service sponsored by the National Ministry of Tourism? Why pay $100 for a guide when you can have a knowledgeable and enthusiastic tour guide to show you all that south Iwate and its UNESCO World Heritage sites have to offer? We love Hiraizumi, Ichinoseki, and Iwate, and we always welcome a chance to share it with our new friends from all over the world. Please visit us at the JNTO Hiraizumi Goodwill Guides webpage – http://www.geocities.jp/hiraizumi_guide/english.html

  2. Did you know that Hiraizumi and Ichinoseki have a free volunteer guiding service sponsored by the National Ministry of Tourism? Why pay $100 for a guide when you can have a knowledgeable and enthusiastic tour guide to show you all that south Iwate and its UNESCO World Heritage sites have to offer? We love Hiraizumi, Ichinoseki, and Iwate, and we always welcome a chance to share it with our new friends from all over the world. Please visit us at the JNTO Hiraizumi Goodwill Guides webpage – http://www.geocities.jp/hiraizumi_guide/english.html

Leave a Reply